The pattern and the evolution of science and technology power space between China and the US since the new century: The perspective of high-tech product trade

At present, the trend of technology sovereignty and anti-globalization of science and technology is gradually emerging. The world has entered the era of science and technology geopolitics. The core sources of state power have evolved from military strength in the colonial era to economic strength in the era of trade, and to scientific and technological strength in the era of knowledge. Science and technology power has become the focus of the game among big powers. In the international environment where technology is currently targeted and blocked, how to depict the spatial pattern of power of China and the United States on a global scale and find the key space for breaking the technological blockade are both realistic topics and hot directions in an urgent need of research. Based on the theory of interdependence between countries and the theory of balance of power, this study used sensitivity and vulnerability indexes to establish a static comparative model of trade power of high-tech products, and dynamically depicts the change process of the space and balance of power of science and technology between China and the United States since we entered the new century. Results indicate that: (1) the global map of science and technology power was restructured rapidly. The center of science and technology power moved eastward systematically, which was evolving from the pattern of the US monopole to the situation driven by Sino-US dual cores, that the two sides changed one after another in the game of science and technology power, and finally formed a pattern of East-West coexistence. (2) China's scientific and technological power space rapidly expanded from the surrounding areas to the countries along the Belt and Road. China's spaces of science and technology power rapidly expanded in the surrounding areas, while those of the US shrank significantly, although it still occupied a leading position. (3) Countries in the Sino-US economic equilibrium zones shifted to developed countries and the innovative resource endowment countries, especially European countries, who were important partners in China-US high-tech industry competition. Electronic technology and optoelectronic technology are the focus areas of Sino-US game.