TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on particulate matter on different modes of transport in China
AU - Lin, Nan
AU - Du, Wei
AU - Wang, Jinze
AU - Yun, Xiao
AU - Chen, Long
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - Since the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilation on transport has been improved to control the aerosol transmission. We utilized portable monitors to measure real-time concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 and black carbon (BC) on six modes of transport and estimate personal exposures under the epidemic prevention. The mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 and BC measured on transport were 18.8 ± 19.4, 16.6 ± 16.5, 12.2 ± 10.8 and 4.1 ± 6.9 μg/m3, respectively. It reduced PM levels on subway to apply the full fresh air mode rather than partial recirculation mode. Airplane had the lowest concentrations and the highest decay rates, implying the most efficient ventilation and filtration. PM were higher on intra-city transport than inter-city, and significantly increased on arrival at stations. BC and BC/PM ratios were higher on road transport than rail transport, indicating the contribution of exhaust emissions. The ventilation mode to exchange air with the outside and the positive association between concentrations and decay rates on high-speed train suggested filtration efficiency should be improved simultaneously with enhancing ventilation. Wearing facemasks on transport further protects passengers against PM exposure, which reduced personal exposure concentrations on four modes of transport lower than 10 μg/m3, the World Health Organization guideline.
AB - Since the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilation on transport has been improved to control the aerosol transmission. We utilized portable monitors to measure real-time concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 and black carbon (BC) on six modes of transport and estimate personal exposures under the epidemic prevention. The mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 and BC measured on transport were 18.8 ± 19.4, 16.6 ± 16.5, 12.2 ± 10.8 and 4.1 ± 6.9 μg/m3, respectively. It reduced PM levels on subway to apply the full fresh air mode rather than partial recirculation mode. Airplane had the lowest concentrations and the highest decay rates, implying the most efficient ventilation and filtration. PM were higher on intra-city transport than inter-city, and significantly increased on arrival at stations. BC and BC/PM ratios were higher on road transport than rail transport, indicating the contribution of exhaust emissions. The ventilation mode to exchange air with the outside and the positive association between concentrations and decay rates on high-speed train suggested filtration efficiency should be improved simultaneously with enhancing ventilation. Wearing facemasks on transport further protects passengers against PM exposure, which reduced personal exposure concentrations on four modes of transport lower than 10 μg/m3, the World Health Organization guideline.
KW - Black carbon
KW - COVID-19
KW - Exposure
KW - Particulate matter
KW - Transport
KW - Ventilation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85117384705
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112205
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112205
M3 - 文章
C2 - 34653408
AN - SCOPUS:85117384705
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 207
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 112205
ER -