Suppressing non-radiative recombination for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as prominent contenders in photovoltaic technologies, reaching a certified efficiency of 26.7%. Nevertheless, the current record efficiency is still far below the theoretical Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit due to the presence of non-radiative recombination losses. Here, we provide a comprehensive review exploring the fundamental mechanisms driving non-radiative recombination and the intricate dynamics of photocurrent hysteresis. The interconnectedness between these issues and their collective impact on the operational stability of PSCs, which is essential for practical application, is emphasized. Notable advancements in understanding and mitigating performance losses caused by non-radiative recombination in PSCs are thoroughly overviewed, including advanced passivation techniques, sophisticated interface engineering, precise compositional tuning, development of novel materials, and state-of-the-art fabrication methods. These innovative approaches are making significant progress in minimizing efficiency losses and further improving device stability. Moreover, this review identifies the ongoing challenges and outlines a strategic research agenda aimed at harnessing the full potential of PSCs. To achieve the theoretical maximum efficiency defined by the SQ limit, this agenda sets a visionary goal for PSCs to transition from laboratory breakthroughs to widespread commercial reality. Such advancements could revolutionize the global energy landscape, underscoring the critical importance of continued innovation and development in this rapidly progressing field.