Sub-bandgap transverse frequency conversion in semiconductor nano-waveguides

Transverse frequency conversion in the sub-bandgap spectral region is investigated in semiconductor nanowires and nanoribbons using CW lasers with a pump power less than 1 mW. It is found that the properties of the emissions are strongly dependent on the cross-sectional geometries and the surrounding media of nano-waveguides. The polarization is higher in nano-waveguides under single-mode conditions, and the spatial distribution is more tunable in nano-waveguides with higher-order modes involved. Compared with the birefringent approach, transverse frequency conversion shows lower divergence angles, higher polarization, and more tunable spatial distribution.