Real-Time Wavefront Control of Multimode Fibers under Dynamic Perturbation

Multimode fibers (MMFs), which transmit multiple spatial modes simultaneously, are essential in imaging, communication, and sensing. However, mode crosstalk significantly impairs the clarity of transmitted signals. Wavefront shaping has emerged as an effective strategy to minimize these distortions. Given the dynamic environmental conditions under which MMFs operate, rapid technological adaptation is crucial. A high-speed full-field wavefront shaping system designed for real-time MMF control is developed. This system leverages probabilistic phase shaping, superpixel modulation, and a digital micromirror device (DMD) to achieve operational speeds of 38 ms per cycle for 400 spatial modes, translating to an average mode time of 95 µs. This rate sets a new record for DMD-based systems, pushing hardware limits. The system supports continuous operation at 11 Hz and maintains high-quality optical focus through MMFs under varying environmental conditions, with a focusing efficiency exceeding 50% of the theoretical maximum. Its compatibility with fluorescent guide stars enables transmission matrix characterization when direct access is unfeasible, broadening its applications. This high-speed full-field wavefront shaping system represents a significant breakthrough, enhancing the functionality and versatility of MMF-based applications.