Near-range large field-of-view three-dimensional photon-counting imaging with a single-pixel si-avalanche photodiode

Large field-of-view (FoV) three-dimensional (3D) photon-counting imaging is demonstrated with a single-pixel single-photon detector based on a Geiger-mode Si-avalanche photodiode. By removing the collecting lens (CL) before the detector, the FoV is expanded to ± 10 °. Thanks to the high detection efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging system is as high as 7.8 dB even without the CL when the average output laser pulse energy is about 0.45 p^J/pulse for imaging the targets at a distance of 5m. A 3D image overlaid with the reflectivity data is obtained according to the photon-counting time-of-flight measurement and the return photon intensity.