Moving Platform Sub-10 Picosecond Laser Time Transfer

Laser time transfer is a key enabling technology for a broad range of advanced applications, including the establishment of a global time infrastructure, the development of next-generation navigation constellations, and the protection of future quantum communication networks. This work addresses the challenge of achieving high-precision time transfer between moving platforms. We introduce a first-order analytical approximation that isolates the velocity components responsible for motion-induced clock offsets, revealing a scaling relation that guides the design of a compensation method. Using this method, we suppress clock offset errors by two orders of magnitude. Additionally, by utilizing high-speed single-photon detection at 532 nm, the system achieves a clock offset measurement uncertainty below 10 ps with an integration time of only 10 ms. These advances provide a methodological foundation for future high-precision time transfer in moving, airborne, and long-range optical-clock networks operating in photon-starved environments.