Modularly-Assembled Smart Microneedle Platform for Machine Learning-Driven Personalized Health Monitoring

A skin-interfaced microneedle patch simultaneously and continuously measures six metabolic biomarkers from dermal interstitial fluid—glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, and pH. Modular microneedle units assembled on a compliant polystyrene-isoprene-polystyrene substrate offer mechanical robustness and excellent flexibility, enabling seamless adhesion, stable skin-sensor coupling, and user-specific configuration, which delivers durable, conformal wear with high signal fidelity in daily use. An end-to-end personalized health evaluation system: high-dimensional multiplexed signals are processed by an optimized machine-learning pipeline to quantify and predict metabolic responses to daily behaviors, supporting personalized guidance (e.g., postprandial control, electrolyte balance).