In situ probing of the ferroelectric domain switching dynamics in PMN-38PT single crystals

Understanding the dynamics of ferroelectric domain evolution is crucial for the development of advanced piezoelectric materials. However, resolving the complexities of these domains, particularly in relaxor ferroelectrics, poses challenges in elucidating the nanoscale dynamics. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of ferroelectric polarization reversal in the relaxor ferroelectric 62%Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-38%PbTiO₃ single crystal using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This work provides a clear and comprehensive physical perspective on the domain switching behavior observed in relaxor ferroelectric single crystals when subjected to electric fields non-parallel to their polarization direction. The nucleation and evolution of the various ferroelectric domains during the electrical cycle are probed. Quantitative analysis of domain-area evolution enables extraction of microscopic reversal velocities and establishes a direct correlation with the macroscopic Polarization–Electric field ( P–E ) hysteresis response. The investigation into the fundamental mechanisms of domain switching speed in ferroelectric materials enables precise control and manipulation of the order parameters within the material.