Geographical information systems

Unlike contagious diseases such as influenza, injury is not spatially contagious. Yet, its occurrence is clearly influenced by locational factors. Reducing injury has to do with understanding the underlying spatial relationships beyond simple mapping. With geographic information systems (GIS) and other information technologies, researchers can now integrate large quantities of both spatial and nonspatial data and examine underlying relationships through hypothesis testing. In this chapter, we first introduce different types of GIS-based spatial analysis methods for crash analysis and prevention. Then, we introduce a GIS-based network analysis approach for the identification of hazardous road locations. Finally, we conclude by suggesting ways forward for better utilizing the spatial data and spatial modeling capacities to reduce traffic injury.