Ensemble learning via higher order singular value decomposition for integrating data and classifier fusion in water quality monitoring

Current multimodal learning in smart feature extraction and classification has reshaped the landscape of remote sensing. The recent developments in smart feature extraction mainly rely on different machine learning and data mining algorithms as powerful classifiers to improve prediction accuracy. This article presents an innovative ensemble learning algorithm for integrated data and classifier fusion via higher order singular value decomposition (IDCF-HOSVD). Based on the fused data, different analytical, semiempirical, and empirical classifiers can be selected and applied to perform information retrieval that can be further synergized via a tensor flow based feature extraction scheme over the classifier space. When preserving core fused image patterns via HOSVD, the final step of IDCF-HOSVD helps rank the contributions from different classifiers via nonlinear correlation information entropy. Practical implementation of the IDCF-HOSVD algorithm was assessed through its application to map the seasonal water quality conditions in Lake Nicaragua, Central America.