Electrically Tunable Multiple-Effects Synergistic and Boosted Photoelectric Performance in Te/WSe₂ Mixed-Dimensional Heterojunction Phototransistors

Mix-dimensional heterojunctions (MDHJs) photodetectors (PDs) built from bulk and 2D materials are the research focus to develop hetero-integrated and multifunctional optoelectronic sensor systems. However, it is still an open issue for achieving multiple effects synergistic characteristics to boost sensitivity and enrich the prospect in artificial bionic systems. Herein, electrically tunable Te/WSe₂ MDHJs phototransistors are constructed, and an ultralow dark current below 0.1 pA and a large on/off rectification ratio of 10⁶ is achieved. Photoconductive, photovoltaic, and photo-thermoelectric conversions are simultaneously demonstrated by tuning the gate and bias. By these synergistic effects, responsivity and detectivity respectively reach 13.9 A W⁻¹ and 1.37 × 10¹² Jones with 400 times increment. The Te/WSe₂ MDHJs PDs can function as artificial bionic visual systems due to the comparable response time to those of the human visual system and the presence of transient positive and negative response signals. This work offers an available strategy for intelligent optoelectronic devices with hetero-integration and multifunctions.