Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on glass surface of industrial zone in Shanghai

Sixteen priority control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on glass surface from major industrial areas in Shanghai were quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS. High levels of PAHs were observed. Average concentrations of PAHs from the Baoshan Industrial Zone, Wu Jing Chemical Industry Zone and Jinshan Chemical Industry Park were 10.66, 16.48, 31.94μg/m², while those of control sites were 2.70, 8.86, 4.18μg/m², respectively. The PAHs compositions were dominated by 3 and 4 rings PAHs, which accounted for 25% and 47% of Σ₁₆PAHs, while 5 and 6 rings PAHs accounted for 14% and 9% of Σ₁₆PAHs, respectively, and 2 rings PAHs only accounted for 5%. The most abundant PAHs were phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene and chrysene. The source apportionment showed that the PAHs mainly came from the combustion of coal and coke, and partly derived from petroleum sources. The concentration of BaPeq (benzo[a] pyrene equivalent) varied from 0.07 to 3.23 μg/g, and the major carcinogenic contributor of 16PAHs were benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, bibenzo (a, h) anthracene.