Collective Hamiltonian for wobbling modes

The simple, longitudinal, and transverse wobblers are systematically studied within the framework of a collective Hamiltonian, where the collective potential and mass parameter included are obtained based on the tilted axis cranking approach. Solving the collective Hamiltonian by diagonalization, the energies and the wave functions of the wobbling states are obtained. The obtained results are compared with those by the harmonic approximation formula and particle rotor model. The wobbling energies calculated by the collective Hamiltonian are closer to the exact solutions by the particle rotor model than the harmonic approximation formula. It is confirmed that the wobbling frequency increases with the rotational frequency in simple and longitudinal wobbling motions while decreases in transverse wobbling motion. These variation trends are related to the stiffness of the collective potential in the collective Hamiltonian.