Biogeochemical Dynamics of Coral Reef Systems

Biogeochemistry of chemical elements plays a critical role in the evolution of coral reefs with significant impacts on the relationship between corals and symbiotic algae, new vs recycled productions, and the biodiversity of coral ecosystem. In this chapter, we review the major driving forces and pathways of chemical elements in coral reefs and assess the effects of biogeochemical cycles on the autotrophic and heterotrophic processes as well as the calcification of corals in the Western Pacific Ocean. Using a modeling approach, we estimate the influence of hydrographic properties and nutrients on the dynamic nature (e.g., production, respiration, and calcification) of coral systems. This study is essentially based on the research results from the Western Pacific Region, but the experiences and lessons learned can be beneficial to the other areas of the world.