A Range/Angle-based Localization Framework in WSN: A Clustering Approach

In this paper, we propose a localization algorithm framework for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on cluster implementation. The algorithm addresses the issue of information locality in traditional distributed localization algorithms by utilizing clustering. In contrast to centralized algorithms, this algorithm achieves a more balanced node energy consumption without the need for additional special nodes. Through clustering, nodes pass appropriate information to their targets, and through optimizations within and between clusters, relatively accurate location information is obtained. After multiple rounds of clustering-localization iterations, the accuracy of node localization significantly improves. Importantly, simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can adapt to various deployment scenarios by adjusting clustering parameters to balance energy consumption and localization accuracy.