A Decentralized Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Trading System Based on Efficient Sharding Services

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy trading stands as a significant technology, allowing electric vehicles (EVs) to share energy. This balances energy demand and supply, reducing pressure on the power grid. However, two substantial challenges require attention: 1) Creating a standardized protocol universally adoptable by EV manufacturers and energy trading participants to establish a common secure and reliable platform for real-time energy trading between EVs. 2) Determining a fair and transparent pricing and transaction management mechanism, accounting for factors such as energy demand and supply, location, and user preferences. To tackle these hurdles, this paper proposes a decentralized V2V energy trading system (VETS) based on a novel high-performance sharding blockchain framework. VETS incorporates a standard energy trading management protocol, achieving trustless and transparent transaction processing. It employs a blockchain sharding and parallel architecture for high transaction throughput, catering to a large number of EVs. Furthermore, an efficient consensus algorithm is developed to minimize service delays and adapt to real-time transaction demands. A practical testbed operationalizes VETS, facilitating experimental analysis within a real-world cloud environment.