论能力之知:为赖尔一辩

Ryle holds that knowing how and knowing that are different in kind.Stanley and Williamson call Ryle's infinite regress argument against intellectualism into question,and claim that Ryle is wrong in taking know how as equivalent to ability,moreover,they argue that knowing how is a species of knowing that by appealing to some contemporary syntactic and semantic theories.This essay responds to these three challenges one by one on behalf of Ryle,and claims that Stanley and Williamson do not have an adequate understanding of Ryle's conception of knowing how.One can't dispense with the following three elements,namely,action,intelligence and ability to have a complete understanding of knowing how in Ryle's sense.Unfortunately,in each of these aspects,Stanley and Williamson go astray.