美国知识产权跨境布局的区位选择及其影响因素-以数字技术专利为例

Cross-border intellectual property deployment has become a key strategic approach for major countries to capture international markets and participate in global competition. This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the locational choice of cross-border IP deployment, integrating methods such as GIS spatial analysis and econometric analysis. Using U.S. digital technology patents as a case study, it systematically depicts the temporal evolution, locational selection patterns, deployment pathways, and influencing factors of cross-border IP deployment. The findings are as follows: (1) The scale of cross-border IP deployment in U.S. digital technologies has shown a fluctuating upward trend. (2) The geographical scope of this deployment has undergone a dynamic process of“contraction-expansion-contraction”. Its key deployment locations have shifted eastward, forming a dual-core spatial structure centered on East Asia and Europe. In several key fields, there has been a trend of concentration toward leading countries. (3) The preferred deployment pathway involves initial filing in the home market, followed by global deployment through mechanisms such as the PCT. (4) Strategic motivations such as market-oriented strategies and home country priorities are the driving forces behind the U.S. cross-border IP deployment in digital technologies. Host country environmental factors, including market size, competitive pressure, and the level of IP protection, have significant effects on attracting U.S. IP deployment. Multidimensional proximity also plays a key role: geographic and linguistic proximity reduce the cost and barriers to cross-border deployment, while economic proximity, representing similar market demand, reflects the necessity of reinforcing IP deployment.