全球科技结构性权力分配的时空格局及影响机制——基于高端制造业价值链的视角

In the era of globalization, value chains are fundamental to the dynamics of global technological competition. Deconstructing the structural power of global technology is crucial for formulating major national technological strategies. This paper constructs a theoretical framework for technological structural power and analyzes its spatial and temporal patterns and mechanisms through network and macro-structural perspectives. The study reveals the following key findings: (1) Structural power in S&T refers to a state's capacity to shape the architecture of global value networks within multilateral trade relations, while concurrently reinforcing its dominance over S&T resources through its dominant network position. This power is measured in two dimensions:“power derived from structure”and“power to shape structure”. (2) The network structure reveals a highly unequal distribution of global technological structural power, with developed countries in Europe and the United States occupying central positions. The“power law distribution”characteristic of“the strong getting stronger” continues to develop a hierarchical “core-periphery” structure. (3) The macro-structure shows a spatial shift from Germany's dominance to a tripartite configuration among China, the United States, and Germany. China and Germany lead in output structural power, while the United States holds a monopoly on input structural power. (4) National technological strength is the foundation of power generation, and the international geopolitical environment is the operational context for technological power. Geopolitical proximity and technological capability differentials drive the formation of power networks. Key factors in the formation of technological structural power include geopolitical context, research and development investment intensity, and technological output capacity.