从“自然”到“如自然”: 对生态批评研究对象的再反思

What ecocriticism studies is not “nature” as material and substantial environment but “nature-as-such” that appearances in literary works． “Nature-as-such”is a conception between abstract idea and physical reality which could be understood by the way how natural things are described in literary works，and it could be used to explain how natural things are experienced in the real world． The conception of“nature-as-such”leads eco-criticism to step out of the first and the second wave in criticism which takes nature either as substantial environment or cultural construction，and enables ecocriticism to explain the relation between man and nature on ontological level.