Wireless gastrointestinal monitoring capsule via a magnetoelectric composite for high-efficiency energy transfer

Wireless power transfer systems offer significant benefits for real-time gastrointestinal (GI) monitoring due to their durability and non-invasiveness. Here, we present a fully integrated GI monitoring capsule enabled by a high-performance magnetoelectric (ME) composite (Metglas/PMN-PT/Metglas) for wireless energy delivery and real-time physiological sensing. Operating at resonance frequency, the ME composite achieves an excellent ME coefficient of 392 V/(cm · Oe) and provides a high power density of 12.72 mW/cm³ in a compact volume. The system wirelessly powers a dual-function temperature-pressure sensor and transmits data, maintaining stable operation for over 12 h under simulated GI conditions. This work demonstrates ME-based energy transfer in ingestible devices, integrating efficient non-contact energy harvesting with a compact form. The proposed approach enables battery-free and long-term GI diagnostics.