Understanding the dynamic changes in wetland cultural ecosystem services: Integrating annual social media data into the SolVES

As urbanization increases, the human demand for the cultural services of wetland ecosystems is growing. However, traditional cultural ecosystem service (CES) assessments are usually conducted using a focused survey over a short period, often ignoring the changes in CESs over time. Social media data have great potential for assessing dynamic changes in CESs. In this paper, we integrated social media data into the Social Value for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) model to identify and locate the CES values of Shanghai's Wusong Paotaiwan Wetland (WPW) Park in 2015, 2017, and 2019. We also quantified the inter-annual variation in the CES values through raster calculations. We found that the spatial distribution of the CES values showed a tendency towards mean values, which may be related to social media promotion, the improvements in park facilities, and visitors' play psychology of seeking differences. These results can help planners respond to visitor feedback and improve park programmes in a timely manner. Notably, the spatial distribution of the CES values varied significantly between years, which suggests that we should select data for different purposes and consider which year or years of data are most scientifically sound to facilitate reliable conclusions before conducting CES assessments.