Three-dimensional modeling of magneto-optical trapping of MgF molecules with multilevel rate equations

We present a theoretical study of magneto-optical trapping (MOT) force exerted on magnesium monofluoride (MgF) with three-dimensional rate equations, in which we have considered the complex vibrational and rotational levels and the effects of small internal splittings and degeneracies, including fine and hyperfine structures and the magnetic quantum numbers. We investigate the feasibility of MOT for MgF with a very small excited-state g factor (ge=-0.0002) and a large radiative decay rate (Γ=2π×22MHz) for the electronic transition of X2Σ+ to A2Π1/2 states. We also optimize the MOT with reference to the three-, four-, and more-frequency component models with various polarization configurations and detunings. By applying the dual-frequency arrangement to more than one hyperfine level, we suggest a configuration of the (3+1)-frequency components for achieving the MOT of MgF.