The synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the oxidative desulfurization reactions

With the increasingly stringent standards for limiting sulfide content in liquid fuels, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has become a promising ultra-deep desulfurization process in fuel desulfurization. TS-1 zeolites show great potential as catalysts for ODS reactions, due to its remarkable oxidation activity at low temperatures and pressure. However, the inherent microporous structure of conventional TS-1 zeolites restricts the mass transportation and renders the active sites in the microporous space of TS-1 zeolites inaccessible for bulky aromatic organosulfur compounds. Fabrication of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites by incorporating meso-/macropores into microporous TS-1 zeolites is an effective strategy to improve mass transportability. In recent years, abundant efforts have been dedicated to developing synthetic strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolite, thereby improving its catalytic performance in the ODS process. This mini-review addresses the synthetic methods of hierarchical TS-1 catalysts and their catalytic performance in the ODS reactions. In addition, some current problems and prospects of synthesis routes for constructing hierarchical TS-1 catalysts have also been revised. We expect this mini-review to shed light on the more efficient preparation strategies of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites for the ODS process.