The Sensing and Power Management Strategy of Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Performance Optimization

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has garnered significant attention in signal sensing and energy harvesting. However, intrinsic capacitance model and megohm-level equivalent impedance of TENG hinder its broader engineering applications. Herein, we propose a novel sensing and power management strategy (SPMS) that simultaneously leverages TENG as both a signal sensor and an energy source by decoupling the high intrinsic impedance of TENG. Utilizing the characteristics of mechanical and electronic switches, the freestanding triboelectric-layer mode TENG (F-TENG) with automatic switching is designed to control SPMS and thus eliminating the need for additional circuitry or logic control, significantly reducing design complexity. Additionally, the parameters of SPMS are investigated, including the exploration of noise suppression for TENG sensors, both through simulations and experiments, to optimize the characteristics of TENG in sensing and energy harvesting. Finally, the design principles of the SPMS are summarized, offering new insights for enhancing TENG practical utility.