The production and evolution of urban cultural and creative tourism destination from the perspective of power space: A case study of Tianzifang, Shanghai

In recent years, the Cultural and Creative Industrial Parks (CCIPs) formed by the urban renewal tends to be more attractive as tourism destinations. Previous studies have explored the spatial production mechanism of the formation of tourist destinations and CCIPs, which usu-ally focused on the process of their transformation from original ecological communities to tourist destinations, and the process of the transformation of industrial heritage communities into CCIPs. Both of them have similar research perspectives as analyzing spatial production in terms of the "dominant-dominated" relationship between external forces (tourism or cultural and creative industries) and local residents. However, compared with tourism communities and CCIPs, the spatial production mechanism of cultural and creative tourism space involves more complex stakeholders and spatial relations. In order to have a deeper understanding of the en-dogenous driving force of CCIPs’tourism-turn, we use a new framework. Based on Lefebvre's theory of the production of space and Foucault's idea of power and space, this paper takes Tian-zifang of Shanghai as an example to study the production and morphological evolution mechanism of cultural and creative tourism space, which was transformed from the CCIP, from the perspective of macro-micro interaction by combining field investigation, qualitative interview and semi-immersion observation. The results show that: (1) Space sovereignty refers to the rights to use and dismantle physical space. Based on social relations, actors in Tianzifang have formed the relationship between power and space. (2) In order to achieve the collective goal of growth, the urban government guides the design of spatial system with productive logic, promotes the distribution and interaction of power among micro actors, and forms spatial discipline and production mechanism. (3) In the space of representation, differentiated microspace production takes shape in the everyday life practice of merchants through diversified obedience and resistance initiative strategies, which promotes the spatial practice and evolution of cultural tourism space. The study also provides governance enlightenment for the existing problems in the process of CCIPs' transformation into a tourism destination.