The challenges and perspectives of nanoplastic analysis

The emergence of nanoplastics has raised significant environmental and health concerns. However, the analysis of nanoplastics poses numerous challenges due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as nanosize and reactivity, and their trace, or even ultra-trace, concentration in the various environmental matrices. This chapter reviews state-of-the-art methodologies for sampling and analyzing nanoplastics in environmental samples. It highlights the challenges that could hinder the accuracy of results and the smooth implementation of an investigation workflow. This chapter intends to (1) discuss the importance of selecting sampling strategies and pretreatment methods; (2) address the challenges in determining suitable qualification and quantification methods; and (3) examine the applicability of established workflow within the environmental samples. By overcoming these hurdles and capitalizing on the opportunities, we can enhance our understanding of nanoplastics, aid in formulating effective policies, and foster the development of sustainable solutions to combat nanoplastic pollution.