Temporal GIS models for cadastral data management: the knowns, unknowns and future

Numerous temporal GIS models for cadastral data management have been proposed, and to understand the state of their art, a study that critically assesses their designs is needed. This study reviewed 11 models and noted that except with earlier designs; most of the reviewed models could store temporal land parcels with their tracks of changes. However, they lack to maintain the semantics of their data, valid times and potential records of changes, and the alternative techniques to accelerate queries. Thus, a semantical and bi-temporal modelling framework is proposed. Future studies could use the framework and focus on implementation designs to obtain more robust models.