Synthesis of Biobased 1,5-Pentenediamine from the Chemical Decarboxylation of l-Lysine: A Review

1,5-Pentanediamine (1,5-PDA) is one of the important monomers for the synthesis of a variety of polyamides, polyurethanes, and other polymers. Selective decarboxylation of biomass-derived l-lysine (Lys) is one of the most promising strategies for the synthesis of 1,5-PDA. Herein, the research progress in the decarboxylation of Lys to 1,5-PDA is reviewed from both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis strategies. Specifically, the design of catalysts, optimization of reaction conditions, investigation of the reaction mechanism, and deactivation and regeneration of catalysts are introduced, respectively. Meanwhile, the purification of 1,5-PDA is summarized, and the current advanced strategies and bottlenecks for the process intensification are analyzed. Finally, the technical challenges and improvements toward the chemical preparation of biobased 1,5-PDA as well as the new synthetic routes are also prospected.