Synthesis and Application of Geminal Halodiborylalkanes: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Geminal halodiborylalkanes have recently emerged as a distinctive class of organoboron reagent, enabling diverse synthetic transformations. Their characteristic structure features an ambiphilic carbon center bearing one halogen and two boryl groups, offering opportunities for programmable functionalization. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the synthesis of gem-halodiborylalkanes, with an emphasis on methods that enhance practicality, functional group tolerance, and scalability. Furthermore, we cover the growing application of gem-halodiborylalkanes as electrophiles, nucleophiles, and particularly as radical precursors in photocatalyzed or palladium-catalyzed transformations. Mechanistic understanding and challenges associated with these reactions are also discussed, aiming to offer a perspective on future developments in this field.