Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering technology based on TiO₂/Nb₂C coated microfluidic chip for monitoring glioma cells invasion in real time

Glioma is a malignant primary brain tumor that is extremely harmful to human beings. Therefore, studying the invasiveness of glioma cells is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. In this work, TiO₂/Nb₂C was prepared as a SERS substrate and combined with microfluidic chip to construct an invasion model capable of monitoring glioma invasion in real time. Both experimental data and density function theory (DFT) calculations showed that the significant SERS-enhancing effect of TiO₂/Nb₂C on methylene blue (MB) originated from the chemical magnification (CM) mechanism when MB was used as the adsorbed molecule. Based on this, we achieved a highly sensitive and targeted detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a biomarker for glioma with a low detection limit of 3.7 pg/mL, then quantified the invasive process in real time by detecting VEGF. Meanwhile, the depletion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by TiO₂/Nb₂C can inhibit the invasion of glioma cells. For the first time, the invasion model combines SERS technology with microfluidic technology, while monitoring the cell invasion process in real time, the invasion process can be quantified by detecting the VEGF secreted by glioma cells during the invasion process, realizing the integration of diagnosis and treatment, and establish a new model for the biomedical analysis, clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.