Strategic design of porous interfacial evaporators: A comprehensive review unveiling the significant role of pore engineering

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) has emerged as a promising technology owing to its enhanced heat and mass transfer characteristics when compared to conventional volumetric solar evaporation. The optimization of porous structures is recognized as a critical determinant in facilitating innovative heat and mass transfer processes within SIE systems. However, existing literature offers limited insights into the nuanced impact of distinct pore types on the efficacy of SIE functionality. In this comprehensive review, we delineate the foundational attributes of porous materials, encompassing various pore classifications, structural characteristics, and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, we provide recent advancements in the fabrication techniques of porous evaporators and investigate pivotal factors essential for optimizing SIE performance. These factors encompass strategies for augmenting light absorption efficiency, proficient heat management, effective water/steam transportation, and judicious salt elimination. Moreover, we collate seminal studies elucidating the ramifications of pore structure modifications or variations on the resultant functionality of SIE systems. The enhancement of SIE performance is conceptualized within the framework of a “structure-function-performance” paradigm. Finally, we deliberate on pertinent challenges confronting the practical implementation of porous materials in SIE applications and propose prospective avenues for further research aimed at elucidating the intricate role of porous structures in advancing SIE technology.