Stabilizing catalytic pathways via redundancy: Selective reduction of microalgae oil to alkanes

A new route to convert crude microalgae oils using ZrO ₂-promoted Ni catalysts into diesel-range alkanes in a cascade reaction is presented. Ni nanoparticles catalyze the selective cleavage of the C-O of fatty acid esters, leading to the hydrogenolysis of triglycerides. Hydrogenation of the resulting fatty acids to aldehydes (rate-determining step) is uniquely catalyzed via two parallel pathways, one via aldehyde formation on metallic Ni and the second via a synergistic action by Ni and ZrO ₂ through adsorbing the carboxylic groups at the oxygen vacancies of ZrO ₂ to form carboxylates and subsequently abstracting the α-hydrogen atom to produce ketene, which is in turn hydrogenated to aldehydes and decarbonylated on Ni nanoparticles.