Spectral compressive structured illumination microscopy

Super-resolution microscopy techniques overcome the resolution limitation imposed by optical diffraction and have therefore become indispensable tools for observing fine biological structures and dynamics at the sub-organelle scale. By incorporating additional spectral information, the imaging capabilities of super-resolution microscopy can be further enhanced. However, existing techniques mainly rely on multicolor labeling or wavelength scanning, which limit the number of spectral channels and the imaging speed. In this work, we present the design of a spectral compressive structured illumination microscopy (SC-SIM) technique that integrates spectral compressive imaging with structured illumination microscopy. By employing spatial-spectral compression of striped images and subsequent image reconstruction, SC-SIM achieves spectrally resolved super-resolution imaging without the loss of imaging speed. The feasibility of SC-SIM is validated through simulations, demonstrating super-resolution imaging with up to 10 spectral channels. SC-SIM offers a novel technical pathway for hyperspectral super-resolution imaging, facilitating research on sub-organelle structures and dynamics.