Short-term biodrying achieves compost maturity and significantly reduces antibiotic resistance genes during semi-continuous food waste composting inoculated with mature compost

Food waste (FW) is important object of resource utilization and source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the effects of biodrying combined with inoculating mature compost (B&M) on the composting efficiency, succession of bacterial communities and their links with metabolism functions as well as the fate of ARGs during FW composting. The results showed that B&M could rapidly raise and maintain high relative abundance of Bacillaceae (66.59–94.44%) as well as composting temperature (45.86–65.86 ℃), so as to achieve the final maturity of FW composting in a short time by regulating microbial carbohydrate (14.02–15.31%) and amino acid metabolism (10.33–12.47%). Network analysis demonstrated that high temperature could effectively inhibit the proliferation and spread of potential bacterial hosts of ARGs and integrons including Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Leuconostocaceae and Corynebacteriaceae during the first two days of composting. As a result, B&M significantly reduced the absolute (72.09–99.47%) and relative abundances (0.31–2.44 logs) of nearly all ARGs especially ermB, tetM, bla_CTX-M and bla_OXA. Present study deepened the knowledge of ARGs variation, succession and metabolism functions of bacterial communities when B&M processes were used for FW composting, suggesting a promising technology for reducing the transmission risk of ARGs and reaching maturity of FW composting.