Retroreflection from a single layer of electromagnetic Helmholtz cavities based on magnetic symmetric dipole modes

We demonstrate a new electromagnetic mode which is formed by the dynamic interaction between a magnetic quadrupole mode and an electric monopole mode in a two-dimensional electromagnetic Helmholtz cavity. It is termed a magnetic symmetric dipole mode since it shares similarity with a magnetic dipole mode in the sense that their radiation is both overwhelmingly dominant in the forward and backward directions with respect to the incident wave. However, the phase distribution in the two radiation directions is symmetric, in stark contrast to the antisymmetry of magnetic dipole modes. When the Helmholtz cavities are arranged in a line, the incident wave will be reflected back to the source, in other words, retroreflection occurs because of the peculiar properties of magnetic symmetric dipole modes. We show that the retroreflection is quite robust against the disorder of the orientation angle of Helmholtz cavities and there exists a wide tolerance for wavelength and the outer radius of the cavity. With low fabrication demands, this might offer a feasible solution for the design of ultrathin retroreflectors towards device miniaturization and the realization of multiplexing holography.