Rectifying artificial nanochannels with multiple interconvertible permeability states

Transmembrane channels play a vital role in regulating the permeation process, and have inspired recent development of biomimetic channels. Herein, we report a class of artificial biomimetic nanochannels based on DNAzyme-functionalized glass nanopipettes to realize delicate control of channel permeability, whereby the surface wettability and charge can be tuned by metal ions and DNAzyme-substrates, allowing reversible conversion between different permeability states. We demonstrate that the nanochannels can be reversibly switched between four different permeability states showing distinct permeability to various functional molecules. By embedding the artificial nanochannels into the plasma membrane of single living cells, we achieve selective transport of dye molecules across the cell membrane. Finally, we report on the advanced functions including gene silencing of miR-21 in single cancer cells and selective transport of Ca²⁺ into single PC-12 cells. In this work, we provide a versatile tool for the design of rectifying artificial nanochannels with on-demand functions.