Recent progress in 2D bipolar magnetic semiconductors

Bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) is a class of magnetic semiconductors, whose valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are fully spin-polarized with opposite spin directions. Due to the special energy band, half-metallicity can be easily obtained in BMS by gate voltage, and the spin polarization can be reversed between spin-up and down when the gate voltage switches from positive to negative. BMSs have great potential applications in spintronic devices, such as the field-effect spin valves, spin filters and spin transistors, etc. With the rapid progress of the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, researchers have identified a series of potential intrinsic 2D BMS materials using high-throughput computational methods. Additionally, methods such as doping, application of external stress, introduction of external fields, stacking of interlayer antiferromagnetic semiconductors, and construction of Janus structures have endowed existing materials with BMS properties. This paper reviews the research progress of 2D BMS. These advancements provide crucial guidance for the design and synthesis of BMS materials and offer innovative pathways for the future development of spintronics.