Realization of strong coupling between 2D excitons and cavity photons at room temperature

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors of graphene, as well as transition–metal dichalcogenides, have performed strong interaction with light. Here the strong light–matter interaction between monolayer tungsten disulphide (WS₂) excitons and microcavity photons at room temperature is well studied by the introduction of a gain material embedded dielectric optical microcavity structure. A Rabi splitting of about 36 meV is observed in angle-resolved reflectance spectra at room temperature, which agrees well with the theoretical results simulated by using the transfer matrix method. Since the cavity structures and 2D semiconductors can be prepared, the cavity and the gain materials, respectively, can be optimized separately in this platform. An all-dielectric Fabry–Pérot microcavity provides a simple but effective way to study the room temperature strong coupling between cavity photons and 2D excitons.