Port congestion and resilience in Shanghai during the Citywide lockdown

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai during the first half of 2022 led to the implementation of strict lockdown measures by the municipal government, resulting in nearly complete disruption of water and land transportation and severely impacting the operations of various ports. Nonetheless, existing research has overlooked the micro-level examination of how individual ports, under regional lockdown conditions, collaboratively respond to external shocks and enhance their resilience through cooperation. This study analyzed the congestion, operational conditions, changes in external connectivity, and resilience characteristics of Shanghai's ports between January and June 2022 using ship data from ports. We observed congestion occurring in both the Yangshan Port Area and the Waigaoqiao Port Area of Shanghai Port, demonstrating a notable level of resilience. Furthermore, we elucidated how, in the context of lockdown measures, a distinctive maritime transportation network pattern has been established through external support and collaborative division of labor among ports in the Yangtze River Delta region and along the Yangtze River coast. Additionally, we offered practical experience and referenced solutions for stakeholders within the port industry.