On-line biosensors for simultaneous determination of glucose, choline, and glutamate integrated with a microseparation system

An effective microseparation system integrated with ring-disc electrodes and two microfluidic devices was fabricated for in vivo determination using a microdialysis pump. The major interference of ascorbic acid (AA) was excluded by direct oxidation with ascorbate oxidase. Glucose, glutamate, and choline were successfully determined simultaneously through the biosensors modified with a bilayer of osmiumpoly(4-vinylpyridine)gel-horseradish peroxidase (Os-gel-HRP)/glucose oxidase (GOD), glutamate oxidase (GlutaOD) or choline oxidase (ChOD). To stabilize the biosensors, 0.2% polyethylenimine (PEI) was mixed with the oxidases. The cathodic currents of glucose, glutamate, and choline biosensors started to increase after the standard solutions were injected into the microseparation system. The on-line biosensors show a wide calibration range (10^-7-10^-5 mol/L) with a detection limit of 10^-8 mol/L at the working potential of -50 mV. The variations of glucose, glutamate, and choline were determined simultaneously in a free moving rat when we perfused the medial frontal cortex with 100 μmol/L N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) solution, which is the agonist of the NMDA receptor.