Olfactory recognition memory and sensitivity selectively associate with anticipatory but not consummatory pleasure in humans.

Olfactory function is closely linked to emotion processing, yet the relationship between olfactory function and human hedonic experiences remains unclear. In this study, 97 healthy young adults participated in assessments of olfactory sensitivity and recognition memory using the standardized Sniffin’ Sticks test and the Olfactory Memory Test Battery. Additionally, the olfactory incentive delay task was employed to evaluate the anticipatory and consummatory aspects of olfactory hedonic experiences. Generalized estimating equations analysis revealed that reduced olfactory sensitivity and recognition memory were associated with a diminished unpleasantness response during the anticipation of unpleasant odors. Furthermore, individuals with weaker olfactory recognition memory reported lower pleasure levels when anticipating pleasant odors. However, no associations were found between olfactory sensitivity or olfactory recognition memory and consummatory hedonic experience. These findings suggest that olfactory sensitivity and recognition memory selectively associate with the anticipatory phase of olfactory hedonic experiences, supporting the proposed conceptual framework linking nature, olfaction, and well-being.