Non-linear association between air pollutants and secondary sensitive skin in acne patients

Background: There is a growing number of patients suffering from sensitive skin secondary to acne, but its prevalence and influencing factors are not yet well-understood. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the nonlinear relationship between air pollutants and secondary sensitive skin in acne patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 4325 acne outpatients in China was carried out between September 2021 and December 2022, employing a simple random sampling approach. Air pollutants data was derived from the nearest air quality monitoring station corresponding to the subjects' residential locations. Furthermore, socio-economic characteristics, biological attributes, and lifestyle data of patients were acquired via questionnaire surveys. The data were subsequently analyzed utilizing the XGBoost machine learning model. Results: A nonlinear relationship has been observed between secondary sensitive skin in acne patients and various factors, including particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), the severity of depression, different levels of exercise intensity, acne grading, frequency of sunscreen application, gender, and age. Conclusion: The occurrence of secondary sensitive skin in acne patients be mitigated through the implementation of measures such as the control of air pollutant emissions, regulation of negative emotions, and improvement of personal lifestyle.