New Strategies for Novel MOF-Derived Carbon Materials Based on Nanoarchitectures

In recent years, metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon materials (CMs), known for their nanoporous structure yielding a high surface area and tunable chemical and physical properties, have drawn great interest in many fields of application, such as energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, and catalysis. Despite the tremendous efforts involved in their development, several common drawbacks still persist during the carbonization process: (1) the intrinsic nature of micropore-dominated porous structure (limited diffusion), (2) the irreversible aggregation of metal nanoparticles, and (3) the poor control over structural evolution, which largely thwart their performance. To overcome these technical limitations, many new strategies are currently emerging to boost the development of MOF-derived nanoarchitectured CMs (NCMs). These new approaches can be considered new chemistry tools utilizing SiO₂, polymers, surfactants, and others. In this review, we focus on the synthetic mechanisms of these new methods by summarizing recent findings related to MOF-derived NCMs. Recently, there have been many emerging strategies to boost MOF-derived nanoarchitectured carbon materials (NCMs) with mesoporous, hollow, yolk-shell, hollow/porous, and multi-dimensional structures. These new methods can be categorized as new chemistry tools utilizing SiO₂, polymers, surfactants, and others (sonochemistry, salt template, and etching). Herein, we focus on the synthetic mechanisms strategically assisted by these new strategies. The relationship between the new bridges and the morphological control is discussed in detail. This review will create an important avenue for developing new carbon materials. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon materials (CMs) have drawn great interest in many fields of application, such as energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, and catalysis. To further enhance the performance, many new strategies are currently emerging to boost the development of MOF-derived nanoarchitectured carbon materials (NCMs). In this review, we focus on the synthetic mechanisms of these new methods by summarizing recent findings related to MOF-derived NCMs.