New functions and signaling mechanisms for the class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors

  • Ines Liebscher
  • , Brian Ackley
  • , Demet Araç
  • , Donna M. Ariestanti
  • , Gabriela Aust
  • , Byoung il Bae
  • , Bigyan R. Bista
  • , James P. Bridges
  • , Joseph G. Duman
  • , Felix B. Engel
  • , Stefanie Giera
  • , André M. Goffinet
  • , Randy A. Hall
  • , Jörg Hamann
  • , Nicole Hartmann
  • , Hsi Hsien Lin
  • , Mingyao Liu
  • , Rong Luo
  • , Amit Mogha
  • , Kelly R. Monk
  • Miriam C. Peeters, Simone Prömel, Susanne Ressl, Helgi B. Schiöth, Séverine M. Sigoillot, Helen Song, William S. Talbot, Gregory G. Tall, James P. White, Uwe Wolfrum, Lei Xu, Xianhua Piao*
*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

The class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), with 33 human homologs, is the second largest family of GPCRs. In addition to a seven-transmembrane α-helix-a structural feature of all GPCRs-the class of aGPCRs is characterized by the presence of a large N-terminal extracellular region. In addition, all aGPCRs but one (GPR123) contain a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain that mediates autoproteolytic cleavage at the GPCR autoproteolysis site motif to generate N- and a C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF, respectively) during protein maturation. Subsequently, the NTF and CTF are associated noncovalently as a heterodimer at the plasma membrane. While the biological function of the GAIN domain-mediated autocleavage is not fully understood, mounting evidence suggests that the NTF and CTF possess distinct biological activities in addition to their function as a receptor unit. We discuss recent advances in understanding the biological functions, signaling mechanisms, and disease associations of the aGPCRs.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)43-64
Number of pages22
JournalAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Volume1333
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Dec 2014

Keywords

  • Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor
  • Cancer
  • Development
  • Myelination
  • Signal transduction
  • Structural biology
  • Synaptogenesis

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