Modulation of ferroelectric and optical properties of La/Co-doped KNbO₃ ceramics

The phase transition, microscopic morphology and optical and ferroelectric properties are studied in a series of La-and Co-doped KNbO₃-based ceramics. The results show that the doping induces the transformation from the orthorhombic to the cubic phase of KNbO₃, significantly reduces the optical bandgap and simultaneously evidently improves the leakage, with a slight weakening of ferroelectric polarization. Further analysis reveals that (i) the Co doping is responsible for the obvious reduction of the bandgap, whereas it is reversed for the La doping; (ii) the slight deterioration of ferroelectricity is due to the doping-induced remarkable extrinsic defect levels and intrinsic oxygen vacancies; and (iii) the La doping can optimize the defect levels and inhibit the leakage. This investigation should both provide novel insight for exploring the bandgap engineering and ferroelectric properties of KNbO₃, and suggest its potential applications, e.g., photovoltaic and multifunctional materials.