MBBR 和 AAO 工艺运行效果分析与能效评估

Currently, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are upgrading their existing processes by applying Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology to enhance efficiency and performance. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the overall energy efficiency evaluation of the upgraded processes and the optimization effects of proposed energy-saving measures. This study focuses on a large-scale WWTP in Shanghai that simultaneously employs MBBR and Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (AAO) processes. Through comprehensive data collection and on-site testing, the performance differences between MBBR and AAO were evaluated in terms of operational effectiveness and energy efficiency, with corresponding energy-saving optimization measures proposed. The results show that both processes consistently meet the designed effluent standards. Compared to AAO, the MBBR process demonstrates 26.7% and 28.0% higher volumetric loads for COD and NH₄⁺-N, respectively, along with 27.1% higher specific nitrification rates in winter, 29.9% greater nitrification capacity in winter, and 22.6% and 63.0% higher population abundances of nitrifying functional bacteria at the phylum and genus levels, respectively, indicating more stable overall operation. However, the energy consumption of MBBR (0.43 kWh·m^-3) is higher than that of AAO (0.34 kWh·m^-3). Specifically, the MBBR process has a blower-specific energy consumption of 0.19 kWh·m^-3, exceeding AAO's 0.14 kWh·m^-3. This is attributed to the MBBR process requiring simultaneous aeration through both perforated and microporous systems to maintain the fluidization of suspended carriers, with both systems sharing the same main air supply pipe, leading to uneven aeration distribution and lower oxygen transfer efficiency compared to AAO's microporous aeration system. Calculations suggest that separating the perforated and microporous aeration systems for independent operation could reduce MBBR's specific energy consumption to 0.36 kWh·m^-3, achieving overall energy efficiency improvement. This study provides a theoretical foundation and technical reference for WWTPs adopting MBBR technology.