Loom: A Deterministic Execution Framework Towards Nested Contract Transactions

Smart contracts have expanded blockchain applications, but permissioned blockchain systems face severe through-put challenges, especially with the increasing complexity of nested contract transactions. These transactions, involving cross-contract interactions and deep call chains, intensify execution conflicts and rollback overhead, ultimately limiting parallelism. We propose Loom, a deterministic execution framework that enhances the efficiency of nested contract transactions. Loom employs snapshot-based concurrent pre-execution to decompose transactions into fine-grained subtransactions. To reduce rollback overhead, it introduces a two-phase rollback algorithm to minimize computational redundancy and fine-grained rescheduling to improve subtransaction-level parallelism during re-execution. Additionally, a multi-phase parallelism mechanism optimizes resource utilization across transaction blocks. Experimental results show that Loom achieves 6.1 × to 10.2× higher throughput while reducing rollback overhead by 89.9% to 98.4%, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art solutions.