Interfacial Potassium-Guided Grain Growth for Efficient Deep-Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging candidates for the applications of solution-processed full-color displays. However, the device performance of deep-blue PeLED still lags far behind that of their red and green counterparts, which is largely limited by low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor operational stability. Here, a facile and reliable crystallization strategy for perovskite grains is proposed, with improved deep-blue emission through rational interfacial engineering. By modifying the substrate with potassium cation (K⁺) as the supplier of heterogeneous nucleation seeds, the interfacial K⁺-guided grain growth is realized for well-packed perovskite assemblies with high surface coverage and the controlled crystal orientation, leading to the enhanced radiative recombination and hole-transport capabilities. Synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for deep-blue PeLEDs emitting at 469 nm with a peak EQE of 4.14%, a maximum luminance of 451 cd m^–2, and spectrally stable color coordinates of (0.125, 0.076) that matches well with the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard blue.